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HYGIRAD - NUCLIDES
TRANSMISSION AND TRANSPORT
--------------------------------------------------
NUCLIDE: Ag-110m
--------------------------------------------------
ALPHA (a) AND BETA
(b+-)EMISSIONS:
E
yield
keV %
-- ------- ------
b- 83
66.80
b- 133
0.41
b- 530
30.45
(emissions > 0.1 %
only)
--------------------------------------------------
GAMMA- AND X-RAY
EMISSIONS:
E
yield
keV %
-- ------- ------
1
22.0 0.20
2
22.2 0.37
3
23.0 0.15
4
23.2 0.29
5
25.0 0.10
9
447 3.65
10 620
2.72
11 658
94.38
12 678
10.56
13 687
6.45
14 707
16.48
15 744
4.71
16 764
22.31
17 818
7.33
18 885
74.00
19 938
34.51
20 1384
24.70
21 1476
4.03
22 1505
13.16
23 1562
1.21
--------------------------------------------------
(emissions > 0.1 %
shown only)
Half-life time = 250 d
--------------------------------------------------
SAFETY D-VALUE (IAEA
2006) = 2.0E+04 MBq
With activity A = 1 MBq
-->
Safety value: A/D = 5.000E-05
category 5 - most unlikely to be
dangerous
--------------------------------------------------
CONTAMINATION:
LUNG CLEARANCE CLASSES
(types):
(F=fast; M=moderate; S=slow; D=gas/damp;
E=extra)
- F
0.050 unspecified compounds,
metallic Ag
- M
0.050 nitrates and sulfides
- S
0.050 oxides, hydroxides,
carbides
DOSE COEFFICIENTS:
INHALATION [Sv/Bq]:
(E = employees; P = population > 17 y)
(if E or P = blank: take P or E-value.)
- F
: E: 6.70E-09 P: 5.5E-9
- M
: E: 5.90E-09 P: 7.6E-9
- S
: E: 7.30E-09 P: 1.2E-8
With activity = 1 MBq
--> Dose =
- F
: E: 6.70E-03
P: 5.50E-03 Sv
- M
: E: 5.90E-03
P: 7.60E-03 Sv
- S
: E: 7.30E-03
P: 1.20E-02 Sv
DOSE COEFFICIENTS:
INGESTION [Sv/Bq]; f1-value(s):
- all compounds: 2.8E-9
; 0.050
With activity = 1 MBq
--> Dose = 2.800E-03 Sv
--------------------------------------------------
MU/RHO's for: BARIUM (rho= 3.510 g/cm3; thickness= 10
cm).
E
yield --- mu/rho's [cm2/g]
---- -- Transmissions [%] --
keV
% mu/rho mu_tr/rho mu_en/rho (resp.) (no build-up!)
-- ------ ----- -------
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
1
22 0.2 24.2316
23.6520 23.6150 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
2
22 0.4 23.8538
23.2832 23.2465 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
3
23 0.2 22.3424
21.8080 21.7725 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
4
23 0.3 21.9646
21.4392 21.4040 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
5
25 0.1 18.5640
18.1200 18.0875 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
6
26 0.0 17.6194
17.1980 17.1663 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
7
26 0.1 16.2970
15.9072 15.8765 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
8
27 0.0 15.3524
14.9852 14.9553 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
9
447 3.7 0.10636
0.05496 0.05374 2.39189 14.5275 15.1618
10 620
2.7 0.07853 0.03767
0.03668 6.35239 26.6541
27.5936
11 658
94.4 0.07574 0.03630
0.03531 7.00597 27.9715
28.9517
12 678
10.6 0.07426 0.03557
0.03459 7.37878 28.6951
29.6976
13 687
6.5 0.07356 0.03522
0.03425 7.56265 29.0452
30.0584
14 707
16.5 0.07209 0.03450
0.03352 7.96299 29.7927
30.8288
15 744
4.7 0.06929 0.03312
0.03215 8.78687 31.2733
32.3545
16 764
22.3 0.06782 0.03240
0.03143 9.24960 32.0740
33.1795
17 818
7.3 0.06436 0.03075
0.02979 10.4462 33.9787
35.1453
18 885
74.0 0.06149 0.02958
0.02861 11.5513 35.4080
36.6323
19 938
34.5 0.05922 0.02865
0.02768 12.5083 36.5820
37.8539
20 1384 24.7
0.04728 0.02409 0.02300
19.0243 42.9380 44.6077
21 1476 4.0
0.04568 0.02350 0.02240
20.1203 43.8241 45.5574
22 1505 13.2
0.04521 0.02334 0.02222
20.4554 44.0829 45.8369
23 1562 1.2
0.04466 0.02318 0.02205
20.8584 44.3301 46.1236
-- ------ ----- -------
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
<weight.aver> 0.15019
0.11426 0.11314 10.5821 33.0164 34.1920
<weighted average> =
sum(value*yield)/sum(yields).
--------------------------------------------------
|
WALL TRANSMISSION (= BU*exp(-mu.d)): in % :
Wall(s): order 1 : 0.10 cm Lead
(order 1..6: 1 = closest to
source)
E
yield Wall Transmission =
BU*exp(-mu.d)
keV
% mode A mode B
mode C mode D
-- ----- -----
-------- -------- -------- --------
1
22 0.20 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
2
22 0.37 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
3
23 0.15 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
4
23 0.29 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
5
25 0.10 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
6
26 0.02 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
7
26 0.08
< 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
8
27 0.01 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4 < 1E-4
9
447 3.65 85.5497
85.5497 85.5497 80.9463
10 620
2.72 91.7178 91.7178
91.7178 87.8307
11 658
94.38 92.2766 92.2766
92.2766 88.4490
12 678
10.56 92.5701 92.5701
92.5701 88.7781
13 687
6.45 92.7088 92.7088
92.7088 88.9348
14 707
16.48 92.9982 92.9982
92.9982 89.2640
15 744
4.71 93.5458 93.5458
93.5458 89.8957
16 764
22.31 93.8287 93.8287
93.8287 90.2268
17 818
7.33 94.4426 94.4426
94.4426 90.9909
18 885
74.00 94.8532 94.8532
94.8532 91.5528
19 938
34.51 95.1740 95.1740
95.1740 92.0001
20 1384 24.70
96.2761 96.2761 96.2761
93.9481
21 1476 4.03
96.4591 96.4591 96.4591
94.2883
22 1505 13.16
96.5119 96.5119 96.5119
94.3846
23 1562 1.21
96.5558 96.5558 96.5558
94.4540
-- ----- -----
-------- -------- -------- --------
total 93.5280 93.5280
93.5280 90.1432
mode -A- all walls have build-up
mode -B- all walls combined
mode -C- build-up for first wall only
mode -D- no build-up factors at all
--------------------------------------------------
Build-up mode: -A- all
walls have build-up
Total wall
transmission = 9.35280E-01
--------------------------------------------------
AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT :
- Source activity A = 1 MBq
- Distance to source = 1 m
- Source constant
(Ambient Dose Equiv. const.)
h(10) =
4.200E-01 uSv.m^2/MBq/h
- Transmission (from:
Wall transmission) =
= 9.353E-01
- Ambient Dose Equivalent
H*(10) =
= 4.200E-01 uSv/h = 3.682E+00 mSv/y
- Idem, incl.
Transmission =
= 3.928E-01 uSv/h = 3.443E+00 mSv/y
- Skin contamination
H(skin): safe value:
= 7E-10 Sv/s per Bq/cm2
.--------------------------------------------------
TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS:
- A1 =
4E+05 MBq
- A2 =
4E+05 MBq
- Specific Activity = 1E+01 Bq/g
- Total Activity =
1E+06 Bq
--------------------------------------------------
TRANSPORT DATA: (uSv=microSv)
- Mass of parcel =
10.00 g
- Minimum dimension =
10.0 m
- Transmission (from wall
transm.) = 9.353E-01
- Spec. act. in package =
1.000E+05 Bq/g
>
1.0E+01 Bq/g - TOO LARGE !!
- Total act. in package =
1.000E+00 MBq
<= 1.0E+00 MBq - within limit
- Ambient dose equiv. at
surface = 1.571E+02 uSv/h
<= 2.0E+03 uSv/h - within limit
- id. at 1 m from
surface = 3.563E-01 uSv/h
<= 1.0E+02 uSv/h - within limit
- Transport Index =
0.0
- Extra shielding : not
needed.
- Exempted package? no, because:
Activity > limit for parcel (
4.000E-04 MBq) !!
Ambient dose equiv. at surface =
1.571E+02 uSv/h
> 5.000E+00 uSv/h - TOO LARGE !!
Ambient dose equiv. at 3 m unshielded =
4.200E-04 <= 1.000E+01 mSv/h - OK.
LSA-packaging (IP) allowed: type: LSA-II
(see Regulations)
Labeling of the package: I-white
--------------------------------------------------
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